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Causes of Sinusitis

sinus_woman No matter how careful one may be, at one time or another
they will probably come down with a cold. Usually, within a week it has
come and gone. But sometimes it doesn't clear up so quickly and instead
becomes more serious. It is at this point that one might be diagnosed
with sinusitis. Sinusitis is an infection of the sinus cavities and
usually involves the nasal passages as well.

Everyone has sinuses in the forehead, cheeks, and around the nostrils.
No one is quite sure what the purpose of these cavities is, but there
are many theories. Some believe that they help to warm the air that one
breathes in, while others feel they act as a "crumple zone" to protect
the face in case of trauma. Whatever the job of the sinuses, when they
are not working correctly, one will know it.

Normal sinuses consist of cavities joined to the nasal cavity by small
tubes. All of these systems are lined with a thin layer of mucus, with
small hairs called cilia lining the cavities as well. Usually, if an
irritant such as pollen or dust or even a virus comes in contact with
the nasal and sinus cavities, the cilia and mucus work together to
quickly clear the irritant out. However, there are times when these
systems do not work correctly, and the sinus and nasal cavities become
swollen and inflamed. This may result in sinusitis. These infections
may be either acute (meaning the infection does not last long or is not
recurrent) or chronic (meaning that the infection occurs frequently or
lasts for a long period of time). Acute sinus infections quite often
have more pronounced symptoms than those from a chronic infection.

Acute sinusitis may have several different causes. The most common
cause is a virus. When these germs are introduced to the nasal and
sinus cavities, they can cause the cilia to cease functioning and the
mucous to thicken, thus preventing the body from ridding itself of
these germs. If these conditions continue, a bacterial infection of the
sinuses can occur. Another cause of acute sinusitis is fungus, such as
mold. It can come from either food or can be inhaled. Fungus has the
ability to affect one's immune system, and can irritate the sinuses.
Other acute sinusitis causes include blowing one's nose too hard,
taking medicines which may affect the body's mucus membranes, and even
scuba diving which can cause excess pressure in the sinuses allowing
bacteria to remain in these cavities.

Chronic sinusitis is an infection which is longer lasting than the
acute form. It usually isn't as painful as an acute sinus infection,
but can lead to more frequent infections. There are several causes of
chronic sinusitis, which if not treated can lead to a more serious
infection. One common cause is allergies. Because allergies cause
inflammation and swelling of the nasal cavity and its passages, it can
inhibit the flow of mucous, creating the perfect environment for
bacteria to grow. Having asthma also makes one more prone to chronic
sinusitis. Those with sensitive sinus and nasal cavities can be
affected by quick changes in temperature and humidity. Other causes of
chronic sinusitis include poor air quality, a weakened immune system,
and even stress. In addition, there are structural problems which may
lead to a chronic sinus infection. These include having a deviated
septum or narrowed sinus openings, polyps in the nasal or sinus
cavities, or rarely, tumours. It is sometimes necessary to have surgery
to correct these problems. sinus_diagram-small

As can be seen, there are many causes of sinusitis. No matter what the
cause, one must react quickly when experiencing the symptoms of colds
or allergies especially when accompanied by fever and stuffiness. This
is because these are warning signs that something more serious could
occur. With early diagnosis and treatment, one can prevent a simple
problem from turning into a serious illness.

Chronic Sinusitis Treatment

Those who have repeated sinus difficulties know the pain and pressure
that comes with it. There are many home remedies for sinus infections,
such as saline flushing of the nasal cavities, antihistimines to
de-congest, and over the counter pills to subdue the pain. Hot showers,
with the water hitting the facial areas that ache, and the neck that
may also be affected give short time relief. Medically, chronic
sinusitis needs to be taken seriously. Because the sinus cavities are
in such close proximity to the brain, any infections in that area need
to be treated.

Inflammation and blocking of the sinus cavities by bacterial infections
can get out of hand easily. Neglect of any sinus condition can only
make the situation worse. Saline rinses of the sinuses can alleviate
congestion as well as inflammation and the relief of these symptoms can
also give at least a small degree of relief from the pressure and pain.
The use of nasal cortisteroids such as Flonase or equivalents can ease
and prevent further inflammation. For a bit stronger treatment,
prednisone, or similar injected cortisteroids can be given. Over the
counter decongestants and pain killers such as Motrin or Advil can
target the pain of a chronic sinusitis.

For chronic sinusitis conditions that are caused or aggravated by
bacterial infections, a prescription for an antibiotic such as
amoxycillin or a sulfa based medicine can be the solution. An
antibiotic prescription usually calls for daily doses for a period of
two weeks or so, and every dose must be taken in order for the
antibiotic to have the desired effect. Should one particular antibiotic
prove to be less than effective, then a different antibiotic can be
given. Each patient responds differently to differing antibiotics.
Before prescribing such antibiotics, a physician usually does tests to
determine if the sinus condition is due to allergies or to bacteria.
The diagnosis of a chronic sinus condition is important in the
formulating a protocol for treatment. If the condition is a repeated
response to allergies, particularly seasonal allergies, then treatment
for the allergy is the first step that will be taken. Allergy
preventative medications can be regularly given, thus avoiding the
sinus infection response to the allergen.

Surgery is the ultimate sinusitis treatment. This approach is taken
when the condition has not responded to any of the standard treatments
and when the damage to the sinus cavities from repeated infections has
reached a level that merits surgical strategies. If the nasal passage
is hampered by a deviated septum which interferes with proper drainage,
then a correction can be made by surgery. An endoscopic procedure may
be done as another option. An endoscopic surgery involves the insertion
of a small diameter flexible tube fitted with a camera into the
sinuses, to explore the tissues and the condition of the sinuses. Any
scarred sinus linings or blockages can be surgically removed during the
endoscopy. Using the endoscopic method to enlarge the sinus channels or
cavities can provide lasting relief from the worst of chronic sinusitis
problems.

Cures for Sinusitis

Causes
The sinuses protect your airways by trapping irritants that you inhale
and are moist, hollow spaces in the cheeks and forehead that drain into
the nasal cavity. Sinusitis often starts as the "common" cold (viral
infection) that causes inflammation and swelling of the lining of the
sinuses and, thereby, blocking drainage.

This blockage is usually short term as the cold runs its course.
Unfortunately, without proper drainage, the sinuses become susceptible
to bacterial growth that causes more inflammation and pain eventually
producing the symptoms of sinusitis, that is, pressure or pain around
the eyes or cheekbones and a yellow-green nasal discharge often
requiring medical treatment. e-book-

Although colds are probably the most common cause of the initial
blockage, anything that causes the sinus mucous membranes to become
inflamed may lead to sinusitis. Particularly susceptible are people
with nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis) and the resulting infections
are often recurring and long-term (chronic) cases.

Other causes include the formation of nasal polyps (growths), foreign
objects (usually in children), or a deviated septum (at birth or from
injury). Although uncommon, fungal infections may also cause sinusitis.

Prevention
To prevent a cold from developing into sinusitis and even cure a mild
infection home treatment proper home treatment may be the answer.

o Salt-water nasal washes to wash out mucus and bacteria before it can
establish an infection.
o Several times a day, lie down and keep a hot, damp towel on your face
for 5 to 10 minutes.
o Avoid second hand smoke that irritates inflamed membranes and alcohol
that causes swelling of membranes.
o Use over-the-counter pain relievers (analgesics like aspirin,
acetaminophen, or ibuprofen) and decongestants (such as pseudoephedrine
nasal spray) to lessen swelling of membranes to relieve symptoms.
o Consider using a humidifier and/or a steamer
Acute Sinusitis Treatment

If symptoms persists or worsen after a few days of home treatment or
you develop a fever or ear pain consult a physician.

If caused by a bacterial infection, medications may become necessary in
treatment of sinusitis. Lengths of treatment necessary may be as short
as three days to several weeks or more. With an aim to clear up any
infection and avoid permanent damage to the lining of the nose and
sinuses, your physician may prescribe antibiotic(s), mucolytics to thin
mucus, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, analgesics, and
decongestants.
How long the treatment will require depends on the severity of the
infection. However, as with any infection, take the medication exactly
as prescribed and complete the regimen. Do not stop the medication
prematurely or the infection may return.

Chronic Sinusitis Treatment

Sinusitis becomes chronic when it lasts more than six weeks and is more
difficult to treat, responding more slowly to antibiotics than acute
sinusitis.
A longer course of treatment is necessary. The bacteria involved have
responded slowly, if at all, to the antibiotic treatment and other
classes of antibiotics must be investigated, either alone or in
combinations.
Alternatively, the sinusitis may be the result of a fungal infection
that will not respond to antibiotic treatment, but will require
treatment with antifungal medications, corticosteroids, or surgery.
Fungal infections account for a significant number of chronic sinusitis
cases and, in fact are often chronic.

Sinus Surgery

Surgery may be indicated if antibiotic or antifungal treatments are
ineffective over an extended period and complications (such as
infection of facial bones) become more likely.
To allow the sinuses drain sometimes requires sinus surgery. To
accomplish this, the surgeon enlarges the sinuses holes for drainage by
removing infected or damaged tissue or bone. Usually, the surgeon
inserts a thin, lighted tool (endoscope) through the nose to assist in
unblocking the sinuses.

Traditional surgery is necessary if infection of the facial bones or a
brain abscess has developed.

Information about Sinus Problems

Sinus problems are a very common ailment for many Americans. In fact,
about 37 million Americans suffer from sinus problems. Although it is
very common and uncomfortable to deal with, there are many ways to
reduce the chances for problems and to feel better once you get them.

Sinus problems can be the result of your nasal membranes swelling and
the sinus passages becoming blocked. When this happens, mucus cannot
properly drain. Mucus then builds up and becomes infected. This is the
cause of the uncomfortable pressure and headaches that one feels while
having sinusitis and other sinus problems. Another cause of problems is
the actual anatomy of the nose. Some people are more likely to develop
problems due to narrow sinus passages. Anatomical problems of the sinus
passages can result in multiple sinus problems throughout the course of
a year.

There are four major sinus regions located within the skull. These
sinuses are located in the forehead, behind the cheek bones, between
the eyes, and behind the eyes. Depending on where the sinus infection
is, areas of discomfort may vary. Sinus problems also have varying
durations. Depending on whether it is an acute, sub acute, or a chronic
problem, the duration can last from less than four weeks to more than
eight.

Common side effects of sinus problems include sinus pressure,
headaches, thick mucus, fever, bad breath, a cough, and congestion.
These symptoms can often range from minor to serious. When symptoms
become worse, it can become very uncomfortable and necessitate a visit
to the doctor. Fortunately, there is treatment. Sinus problems can be
treated by medications and home remedies, and in serious cases, even
surgery.

Decongestants are often the first step to treating sinus problems. This
medicine is available over the counter and can reduce the mucus within
the sinus. Another medication that is often used to treat sinus
problems is antibiotics. If the source of the problem is a bacterial
infection, than a course of antibiotics can solve the problem. Another
possibility for treatment is steroids. Inhaled steroids can reduce the
swelling in the sinuses, thus offering relief. If these methods do not
work, surgery may be the only choice left. If a physical blockage is
the cause of the problems, than a surgeon can remove it. During a sinus
infection, painkillers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can reduce
discomfort.

There are also many home remedies that are quite effective as well.
Standing in a steamy shower can help reduce congestion within the nasal
passages. Applying warm, moist heat in the form of a towel to your face
can also relieve a little pressure and discomfort. Nasal saline
solutions keep your membranes moist which is important in combating
congestion. Drinking plenty of fluids help keep mucus thin and reducing
blockages. Avoiding alcohol is a must since it can complicate problems
further. As with most ailments, getting proper rest can help you feel
better and recover soon.

Although sinus problems are very common, they do not have to ruin your
week. Remember to see a physician when you start having symptoms. Once
a doctor starts treatment, relief can come very quickly and you will be
back to feeling normal in no time at all.

Sinusitis and Dizziness

It seems that at one time or another, many people have suffered from a
sinus infection, or sinusitis, as it is technically known. Within one's
skull there are air pockets called sinus cavities. These pockets are
located around the nose, cheeks and forehead. They are connected to the
nose by small tubes, allowing air to travel to the cavities and mucus
to flow from the cavities to the nose. All parts of the respiratory
system, including the sinus cavities, are lined by mucus membranes, and
this is constantly being replaced. In fact, when working correctly, the
respiratory system produces several quarts of mucus each day.

Doctors have several ideas as to why we have these sinuses but they
have not found a definitive reason. Some theories include acting to
filter and warm the air we breathe, as well as working as a "crumple
zone" in a facial injury to absorb the impact and lessen the effect on
the brain. Other ideas include protecting the respiratory system from
bacteria and other foreign breathable matter. Some even believe that
the sinuses affect one's voice by each chamber resonating at a
different frequency, and others believe that the sinus cavities lessen
the weight of the skull. No matter what the actual reason for the
existence of the sinus cavities, when they are inflamed, they can cause
big problems.

In the case of the sinuses, any blockage of this system of tubes going
to the nose can result in a condition called sinusitis. Sinusitis,
another term for a sinus infection, occurs when the mucus lined tissues
of the sinus cavities, as well as the small tubes connecting them to
the nose, become inflamed. This can be due to allergy, bacteria, virus,
and even fungus. In addition, the structure of one's nose, such as a
deviated septum, can increase the chances of an infection taking place.
When the tissues become inflamed, they swell and block the flow of air
and mucus, thus trapping bacteria and allowing it to grow, causing an
infection. The most common symptom of sinusitis is a stuffy nose, but
headache and facial pressure are also present in many cases. Other
signs of sinusitis include nasal congestion, green or yellow mucus,
fever, reduced sense of taste and smell, sore throat, dizziness, and
bad breath. An acute attack of sinusitis can last up to four weeks,
while a chronic infection can last as long as twelve weeks. The
bacterial forms of sinusitis, especially when chronic, may require a
long course of treatment with antibiotics and decongestants. Although
dizziness does not always occur with a sinus infection, when it does,
it can have a major effect on one's daily life.

Everyone's balance system is based in their inner ear. In this area
there are semicircular canals which are filled with fluid as well as
small sensors which follow the head's movement. The fluids in the ears,
as in the sinuses, empty into the throat through the Eustachian tubes.
When the sinuses become infected with a virus or bacteria, the
infection can travel from the sinuses to the Eustachian tubes and
result in the blockage of the tubes. As this happens, the blocked
mucus, along with the bacteria, puts pressure on the eardrum and middle
ear causing the pain of an ear infection. With the increased pressure
in the ear, the systems which govern balance are not sending accurate
information to the brain, resulting in dizziness. This dizziness can
result in a feeling of imbalance, lightheadedness, or unsteadiness.
This problem can also cause nausea or vomiting. One may find it
difficult to walk or perform other routine daily activities. When
experiencing a sinus infection and the dizziness accompanying it, one
should be cautions due to the danger of losing one's balance and
falling.

As can be seen, sinusitis is something which should be treated as soon
as possible, particularly if it is causing dizziness. A doctor should
be able to run the tests necessary to diagnose the cause of a sinus
infection and the loss of balance which may accompany it. After the
cause is known, the correct medical treatment can begin. After
treatment, one should strive to prevent the recurrence of a sinus
infection by eating healthy, enjoying a healthy lifestyle, and taking
care when with others who may have respiratory infections.

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6 Comments

1. rebecca says:
August 18, 2010 at 7:27 am
My sinus infection used to give me terrible symptoms. I used a
nasal spray called sinusoothe (which I had never heard of) and I am
glad I did. All of my symptoms are gone and I still use it when I
have a cold.
Reply
+ admin says:
August 18, 2010 at 8:14 am
Thanks for the tip Rebecca. I'll have a look for that.
Reply

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